UNITED STATES V. OHESMAJI'.
497
the date of their departure. On and after June 6th the collector was prepared to carry out the law according to its real !ntent, and all Chinese laborers depaIting from the port of San Franoisoo on and since that date, having had an opportunity to procure the required certificate, will be required to produce it.
UNITltD STATES
v.
CHESMAN.1
(Cfrcu" Oourt, B. D. Missouri. March 30, 1881.) lNnJCTMENT FOR MAILING AN OBSCENE AND INDECll:NT PUBLICATION.
A.n illuRtrated pamphlet, purporting to be a work on the subject of the treat. ment of spermatorhrea and impotency, and consisting partially of extracts from standard books upon medicine and surgery, but of an indecent and obscene character, and intended for general eirculation, held to come within the pro. visions of section 3b93 of the Revised Statutes.
Indictment for depositing in the mail a publication of an obscene and indecent character. The indictment describes the publication as "a pamphlet entitled' Prof. Harris' New Discovery for the Radical Cure of Spermatorhcea and Impotency, with the Anatomy and Physiology of the Generative Organs, Illustrated; and the Science of a Radical Cure.' By his 'new departure' in the treatment of those troubles, viz., local absorption at the seat of the disease,"-which said publication is so indecent that the same would be offensive to the court here, and improper to be placed on the records thereof. William II. Bliss, for the United States. Dyer, Lee et Ellis, for defendant. MCCRARY, J. In this case, by agreement, counsel have submitted to the court the question whether the publications complained of come within the provisions of section 3893 of the Revised Statutes, which prohibits the mailing in any post-office of any publication of an obscene or indecent character. We have considered this question after a full oral argument by counsel, and we are.clearly of the opinion that the publications referred to in the indictment and information do fall within the provisions of this section.of the statute. They are clearly both obscene and indecent, and, in our opinion, within the meaning of the statute. It is not necessary, perhaps, to say more, but I may remark that it has been insisted by counsel for the defeJldant, with great earnestness, that the publications in question are, in their character, medical, and that the matters complained of are, to a large extent, extracts from standard medical works. It may be, and probably is, true that much of the offensive matter is taken from books upon medicine and surgery, which would be proper lReported by Benj. F. Rex, Esq., of the St. Louis bar.
v.19,no.7 -32
FEDERAL REPORTER.
enough for tbfl general use .of members. and students of ·tpeprofession. There are many things contained in the standard. works ullon these subjects which, if printed in pamphlet form anli spread broadcast among the community, being sent through themail to persons of all classes, including boys .and girls, would be highly indecent and obscene. I am not prepared to say, and it is not necessary now to decide, whether these medical books could be sent through the mails without a violation of the statute. The publications before us are not medical. It is manifest from an examination of them that they are intended to be circulated generally among the people. We decide at present nothing more than they come within the provisions of the statute, and that when deposited,in the post-office, dil'ectedto any. actual person, the law is violated, without regard to the character of the person to whom they are directed; This, perhaps, maybe shown by way of mitigation or aggravation of the offense, but not in justification. FED. REP.
See, generally, U. S. v. Kaltmeyer, 16 FED. REP. 760, and Bates v. U. S.10 92, and note.
TOWER
BEMIS
& CALL
HARDWARE
& TOOL Co. and others. February 28, 1884.)
(Uircuit Court, D. 1. 2.
PATENTS-WHAT IS PATENTABLE-MERE AGGREGATION.
SAME-blPROVED MONKEy-WRENCH,
Patent 56,166, for an improvement in monkey-wrenches, cannot be held to cover every wrench in which the cam is solidly attached to the jaw, since similar arrangements were in use before the letters issued.
In Equity. D. Hall Rice, for complainant. John L. S. Roberts, for defendants. LOWELL, J. The plaintiff owns patent No. 56,166, issued to Byron Boardman,. July 10, 1866; and it is admitted that the invention was made in October, 1865. 'fhe patent is for an "improved tool," or, as the specification says, "an improved combination tool;" and "the [one] objeot of this invention is to combine a pipe-wrench with a monkey-wrench, in such manner that two of the jaws of the latter shall serve as griping-jaws for firmly holding rods or pipes of varying diameters, which it may be desirable to turn." A second and third purpose are to combine a screw-driver ,with the handle of a wrench in certain convenient modes.. Of the five claims, only two have been mentioned in this suit, and only one is said to be infringed; claim hI, as an improvement in monkey-wrenches, the combination of the cam, n, with