Jl'EDlmAL :IUCPOB'l'EB,
vol. '11.
1'he motion to remand is denied.
of the United States, to the exc1 usion of those of the several state&.
patent, and therefore the jurisdiction thereof is vested In the eourfs .
McGLASHAN v. UNITED STATES. (CIrcuit Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit. ,No. 246'1'JmMS OF' CoUR'l'-CHANGE -
January 15, 1896.)
Under the statutes 1n force on September 14, ll:l89, one term of the United States district court for the district of Kansas was appointed to be held at W., in that state, on the first Monday of September in each year. On September 14, 1889, defendant became surety on a recognizance in the district court at W. for the appearance of one G. at the next term of the court, to be held at W. on the first Monday of September, 1890. By an act of congress of June 9, 1890 (26 Stat. c. 403), the district of Kansas was diVided, and the terms 'of the courts at W. were appointed to be held on the first Monday of March and the second Monday of September. The district court convened at W. on the first Monday of September, 1890, and, before the second Monday, G. having failed to appear, his recognizance, on which defendant was surety, was declared forfeited, and ordered to be prosecuted. Held, that the nct of June 9, 1890, repealed the former provisions regarding the terms of court at W., and, accordingly, that the session ()f the district court, held there on the first Monday of September, 1890, was without authority of law, and its proceedings, including the forfeiture of G.'s recognizance, were inoperative and void.
t,181:10.
TERM: IIm.D
AT WRONG DATE-ACT CONGo J'UD
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. This was an action brought by the government to recover of the plaIntitr In error, upon a recognizance alleged to have been forfeited, in which Guy S. McGlashan was the principal, and the plaintitr in error and J. W. Surfis were the sureties. The cause was tried before the court below without a jury, and judgment rendered for the government for the sum stated in the recognizance, with costs. The facts found by the Circult conrt are substantially these: At the September term, 1889,of the district court of the United States for the district of Kansas,an Indictment was found by the grand jury against Guy S. McGlashan, and by virtue of a capias issned out of the court he was arrested by the marshal of the district and thereupon, on the 14th day of September, 1889, was admitted to ball upon the execution and delivery of the recognizance here sought to be enforced. The recognizance was condit'loned that "Guy S. McGlashan shall be and appear in his own proper person before the district court of the United states for the district of. Kansas, at the next term thereof, to be holden in the city of Wichita, in salddistrict, on the first Monday of September, 1890, and not depart therefrom without leave of the said court first had and obtained." The district court of Kansas convened In session at Wichita on the first Monday, be.1ng the 191: day, of September, 1890, at which time GUy S. McGlashan tailed to appear and on the 6th day of September, 1890, being saturday of the first week In September, proceedings were had in that court by whicn the recogDlzance was forfeited and ordered to be prosecuted. The opinion ot the court below is reported in 66 Fed. 5S7.
J. H. M. Wigman, U. So Dist. Atty., for the United States. George Eo Sutherland, for plaintiff in error. Before WOODS, JENKINS, and SHOWALTER, Circuit Judge&.
M'GLASHAN tI. UNITED STATES.
435
JENKINS, Circuit Judge, after stating the facts, delivered the opinion of the court. The sole question presented for decision to the court below was whether the surety was relieved from the obligation of the recognizance by reason of certain proceedings of the district court of the United States for the district of Kansas, subsequent to the alleged forfeiture of the recognizance, which resulted in the entry by that court of a nolle prosequi. We are relieved from the necessity of passing upon the correctness of the conclusion reached by the court below, because we are satisfied that, upon grounds not presented to the consideration of the circuit court, and neither considered nor determined there, the action cannot be maintained. By the second section of chapter 13 of an act approved January 6, 1883, entitled "An act to provide for holding a term of the district court of the United States, at Wichita, Kansas, and for other purposes," it is provided that a certain part of the Indian Territory (within which the offense charged against McGlashan was committed) should be annexed to and constitute part of the United States judicial district of Kansas, and that the United States district courts at Wichita and Ft. Scott, in the district of Kansas, should have original jurisdiction of the offenses committed within the limits of the territory so annexed to the district of Kansas. The act also provided that there should be one term of the United States district court for the district of Kansas held at Wichita in each year on the first Monday of September. 22 Stat. 400. The act of March 3, 1879 (20 Stat. 355, c. 177), provided that there should be one term of the United States district and circuit courts for the district of Kansas held in the city of Ft. Scott in each year, to be held on the second Monday of January. This statute, however, provided that no cause, action, or proceeding should be tried or considered in that conrt unless by consent of all the parties thereto, or by order of the court for cause. This was the condition of the law, with respect to the terms of court to be held at the two places named, at the time that this recognizance was entered into. By an act of congress, approved June 9, 1890 (26 Stat. 129, c. 403), the district of Kansas was divided into two divisions, to be known, respectively, as the First and Second divisions of the district of Kansas, these divisions, respectively, embracing certain counties named. The city of Wichita was located within the Second divi· sion, and the act provided that the terms of the circuit and district courts for that district should be held in the Second division at the city of Wichita on the first Monday Of March and the second Monday of September in each year. It is provided by Rev. St. § 573, that "no action, suit or process in any district court shall abate or be rendered invalid by reason of any acts changing the time of holding such courts; but the same shall be deemed to be returnable to, pending, and triable in the terms established next after the return day thereof." For some reason not made known to us the district court of the United States for the district of Kansas convened at Wichita on the first Monday of September,
436
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 71.
lS90, and held a session at which this recognizance for. nonappearance of the principal therein, and this attempted forfeiture took place before the second Monday of September, the date, speci:fi.ed in the act of June 9, lS90. . We are unable to understand by what authority of law the district court was c.onvened upon the first Monday. of September, 1890. It is true that the act of June 9, 1890 (26 Stat. 129), does not in terms repeal the provision in the act of January 6, 1883 (22 Stat. 400), providing for a term of the court at Wichita upon the first Monday of September, but it manifestly has the effect to repeal that provision. It provides for two terms annually in the Second division of the district,-one on the first Monday of March, and the other on the second Monday of September, in each year. It would be a strange conclusion to hold that the congress intended to allow the former act to remain in force with respect to the sitting of the court on the ,first Monday of September, when by the latter act two terms were appointed to be held in each year, in that division, and at Wichita,-one of them upon the second Monday of September. The act covered the subject of the terms of court to be held at Wichita, and embraced new provisions, clearly indicating that it was intended as a substitute for all previous provisions designating terms of court to be held at Wichita. It therefore necessarily operated to repeal the former provision. Fisk v. Henarie, 142 U. S. 459, 467, 12 Sup. Ct. 207; District of Columbia v. Hutton, 143 U. S. 18, '26, 12 Sup. Ct. 369. The session of the court, therefore, which was assumed to be held on the first Monday of September, was held withoutautliori(y of law,and its proceedings were inoperative and void. There was no obligation upon the part of the principal in the recognizance to appear on the first Monday of' September, for, although that was the date stated in the recognizance at which the term was to be held, yet by force of the general provision in the statute to which we have referred, and by the very terms of the recognizance, his obligation was to appear at the next term appointed by law to be held, which was upon the second:Mondayof September. It was not possible that the court could, prior to the time appointed by law for the holding His of the term, .legally declare a forfeiture of the sureties were pot required to produce their principal except at a term of the court authorized by law. The date for the sitting of the court having' been changed subsequently to the execution of the recognizance, by force of the statute the recognizance was effectual to require his appearance at the changed date for the sitting of the court, and could not be forfeited prior to that date. It is clear to us that the court which declared the forfeiture in adV'ailce of the fixed by law for the convening of the court was a'cting without authority of law, and that the forfeiture declared was of no effect. The judgment must therefore be reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions to the court below to render judgment for the plaintiff' in error upon the findings of the court.
SOUTHERN PAC. CO. V. BOARD OF RAILROAD COM'RS.
4.37
SOUTHERN PAC. CO. v. BOARD OF RAILROAD COM'RS et a]. (Circuit Court. N. D. California. PACIFIC RAIT,WAYs-INTEREST OF
December 10. 1895.)
G JVERN1>IENT-INTERV'ENTION IN SUIT. Act May 7. 1878 (Thurmar: Act), gave to the United States government such a substantial inte;-"3t in the revenues of the Union and Central Pacific Railroad Compank" as to authorize intervention by the government in a proceeding invol dng the validity of an order made by state railroad commissioners reducing the rates chargeable by one of such companies.
Wm. F. Herrin, J. E. Foulds, J. P. Martin, and E. S. Pillsbury, for complHiuant. W. F. Fitzgerald, Atty. Gen., Robert Y. Hayne, W. W. Foote, and J. O. Daly, for respondents. H. S. Foote, U. S. Atty., for the motion. McKENNA, Circuit Judge (orally). In passing on this motion of the government to intervene I can only indicate my views, and not elaborate them. The original bill is by the Southern Pacific pany to restrain the execution of an order an:! resolution of the board of railroad commissioners of the state of California fixing certain rates on grain. The bill is voluminous, and need not be quoted. The United States has made a motion to intervene, and presents a bill of intervention to support the motion. It alleges that it is a creditor, having a lien under the act of July 1, 1862, entitled "An act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific Ocean and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military and other purposes," and nnder the several acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto, upon the Central Pacific Railroad for $27,000,000, and interest thereon, amounting to about $45,000,000. That by section 18 of saip act it is claimed that thelJnitedStates has the sole right to regulate freights and fares; that under the 3ct of May 7, 1878, called the "Thurman Act," the acts of 1862 and 1864 were amended to require the company on or before the 1st day of February of each year to pay into the treasury of the United States an amount aggregating 25 per cent. of the net earnings of said road, defined in said act. It further alleges that the conipany has outstanding fil'st mortgage bonds amounting to $27,000,000, which were given priority over those of the United States; that complainant is a corporation under the laws of the state of Kentucky, and lessee of the Central Pacific Railroad, and bound to payout of the earnings of said railroad the sum required to be paid under the Thurman act; that the lease was made without the consent of the United States. Then follow the allegations of fixing the rates, etc., and the unreasonableness of them, and showing that the Central Pacific Railroad Company owns about 240-odd miles in California which had received aid from the government, and that "said proposed reduced rates cannot be adopted," to quote the bill, "or put or continued in effeet upon said Central Pacific Railroad, without serious and irreparable injury to and destruction of the property and property rights