784
'19 FEDERAL REPORTER.
4. Richardson v. Pavell, 19 S. W. 262. Both editors, in stating the ground upon which the court found an estoppel, omit the statement that the deed of defendant through which plaintiff claimed title was one "with a general covenant of warranty," which was the sole ground of the decision. 5. McFadden v. Schill, 19 S. W. 368. Both editors omit the material statement that one of the two defendants sued In trespass was not only to "do the grading," but also "procure right of way." 6. HudgIns v. Leggett, 19 S. W. 387. Both editors state that the appeal was from an order. a decree. It was, in fact, from
7. Gunter v. City of Fayetteville, 19 S. W. 577. Complainant's point reads: "No part of a specified territory can be annexed to a city without a public notice of the hearing, as prescribed, etc., even though a majority of the property holders of such territory voluntarily appear at the hearing and consent to the annexation." Defendant's point paraphrases: "Although a majority of the property holders in the territory to be annexed appear on the date fixed for a hearing and consent to the annexation." It appears from the opinion that the fact was that a majority of the property holders appeared and" contested" the application for the annexation. 8. Bowman v. Branson, 19 S. W. 634. Both editors fall into a common error In stating that certain notes would "not be due at the time of the trial," where the opinion reads that the notes " would not have become due when the suit was instituted." 9. State v. Ulrich, 19 S. W. 656. Complainant's point reads, "On a trial for bigamy, the person whom the indictment charges to be defendant's lawful wife is incompetent, without defendant's consent, to testify against him." Defendant's point is nearly verbatim, and copies the phrase "without his consent," although it appears from the opinion that it was not a matter of consent at all, but that the rule was one based upon public policy, and nowhere intimates that defendant's consent would have made the wife a competent witness. 10. Michon v. Ayalla, 19 S. W. 878. Complainant's point reads: "A deed conveying the grantor's right, title, and Interest to an undivided part of certain land conveys her entire interest in such land." '.rhe defendant's point reads: "'.rhe deed of all the grantor's right; title, and interest to an undivided half of a tract conveys the grantor's entire interest in the tract." It is perhaps needless to say that no such absurd proposition is found in the opinion.
DADIRRIAN v. GULLIAN et at (Circuit Court, D. New Jersey. March 8, 1897.) 1. TRADE-MARKS-EFFECT OF INJUNCTION.
An injunc1:ion forbidding the members of a partnership, charged with infringing a trade-mark, froni preparing, putting up, selling, or offering for sale the article in question under the trade-mark in question, makes it a contempt for them to do these acts, not only in their own behalf, but as agents or servants of others, who attempt to carryon the infringing business. .
DADIRRIAN V. GULLIAN.
785
I.
INJUNCTION-AGENTS AND SERVANTS OF DEFENDANTS.
An injunctiOill forbidding the defendants and their "agents, servants," etc., from doing specified aets, binds the agents only while acting as such for the defendants, and not in their personal capacity after they have ceased to be defendants' agents or servants, or have become agents or servants of some one else. .
Frederic H. Betts and Wm. B. Whitney, for complainant. Louis C. Raegener, for Senekerim. Samuel A. Besson, for Otto D. Heisenbuttel. Albert GuIlian, pro se. John J. Hoppin, for Eva and Reuben GuIlian. KIRKPATRICK, District Judge. This suit was brought for the infringement of the complainant's trade-mark "M:atzoon," and was begun in Jnne, 1894, against Mugerditch GuIlian, Albert Gullian, and Otto Heisenbuttel, doing business as M. Gullian & Co., in this district, and such proceedings were had that on October 11, 1895, a perpetual injunction was issued out of this court and duly served upon the said defendants. The writ was in the usual form, commanding the said defendants, their and every of their "atto1'lleys, agents, clerks, and servants, to desist from preparing, putting up, seIling, offering or advertising for sale, any medicinal beverage made from fermented milk or any similar article under the name of 'J\1atzoon.' " It appears that after the service of the above injunction the sale of fermented milk by the defendants under the name of "Matzoon" was discontinued, but for a while the same article was put upon the market as "Lebben." Various changes took place in the ownership of the business, so that in December, 1896, Senekerim GuIlian, the son of Mugerditch, who it is alleged was at the time of the granting of the injunction in this suit an agent of M. Gullian & Co. in California, began the manufacture and sale of fermented milk under the prohibited name of "Matzoon." In this manufacture and sale it is alleged he was assisted and encouraged by MugerdUch Gullian, Albert GuIlian, and Otto Heisenbuttel, the defendants in the suit, as well as by Reuben Gullian, Lazarus GuIlian, his brothers (who were also servants of M. GuIlian & Co.), and by Taquhy, his wife, and Beatrice GuIlian, his infant sister. The petition now filed asks that an attachment for contempt issue against all the persons above named for disobedience of the injunction order of October 11, 1895. It will be 'observed that these persons may be separated into two distinct classes, viz. those who were parties to the suit, and those who were merely the servants, agents, or employes of the parties. There can be no question that those who were parties to the suit were not only bound by the injunction order to desist from preparing, putting up, selling, offering or advertising for sale, any medicinal beverage made from fermented milk under the name of ''1fatzoon,'' but also from in any way, as servants or agents of others, aiding, assisting, or encouraging them to do the forbidden acts. For failure to obey the court's order in either respect they render themselves liable to the penalties of contempt. Stahl v. Ertel, 62 Fed. 920. So that as to Mugerditch GuIlian, Albert GuIlian, and Otto Heisenbuttel there is presented for the consideration of the court merely a question of fact, 79 F.-50
786
79 FEDERAL REPORTER.
-did they or either of them do the forbidden act, or aid, assist, or encourage another to do so? 1. As to Mugerditch GuIlian. It appears from the verified petition and affidavit annexed, and it is not denied in the answering affidavit of Mugerditch Gullian, that he has aided, assisted, and encouraged Senekerim Gullian in the manufacture and preparation for sale of "Matzoon." He has assisted by packing in boxes bottles labeled "Matzoon," and in loading them when pa.cked in a delivery wagon. These acts are in contravention of the order of the court, and for them he must be adjudged guilty of a contempt. Having made this conclusion upon the facts, it is unnecessary for the court to determine the questions raised as to his liability for the acts of his infant daughter Beatrice. 2. As to Albert GuIlian. I am satisfied, after reading the affi· davits annexed to the petition and that of Albert Gullian, that he, too, aided, assisted, and encouraged Senekerim Gullian in the sale of "Matzoon," and thereby violated the letter and spirit of the court's order. His duty as a defendant in the suit was clear, and his service, though, as he says, without compensation, in assisting to pack bottles, load them upon the wagon, driving the wagon about with the sign "Matzoon" painted upon its side, and so advertising the sale of the prohibited article, renders him guilty of disobedience to the court's order, and liable to punishment for contempt. 3. As to Otto Heisenbuttel. 'fhe evidence presented by the petition and annexed affidavits, tending to show aid or assistance rendered by this defendant to Senekerim Gullian in the conduct of his business, is vague and uncertain. He is said to have called several times at the Gullian house, to have followed petitioner's witness upon the street, and to have accosted her, but the affidavits do not disclose any overt act. Coupled with his denial of all interest in the business of Senekerim, and his explanation of the cause of his visits to the Gullian family, the court is unable to conclude that he has in any way violated the order of the court. As to him the rule should be discharged. I come now to the consideration of the case as against Senekerim Gullian, R·euben Gullian, and Lazarus Gullian, who were the servants or agents of M. Gullian & Co., the defendants in the suit. I am clearly of the opinion that the only persons who can be attached for contempt in disobeying an injunction order are the parties to the suit in which the order is granted, and those who, being their servants, agents, or employes, with knowledge of the injunction, aid and assist the defendants in disobeying its commands. The writ is directed specifically to the defendants in the suit, and then generally, without naming them, to their servants, agents, and employes. The object of this generalization is to prevent the defendants from doing by others that which the court has forbidden them to do personally; from accomplishing indirectly a result prohibited by the court. The full effect of the order is that the defendant shall not do the unlawful act himself, neither shall his agent, servant, or employe do it for him, nor shall the defendant do it as the agent, servant, or employe of another. Potter v. Muller, 1 Bond, 601, Fed. Cas. No. 11,333. There
WHITTALL V. LOWELL MANUF'G CO.
787
is no restraint laid upon the agent, servant, or employ6 personally, but merely as the agent, servant, or employe of the enjoined defendant. Slater v. !vlerritt, 75 N. Y. 268; Wellesley v. Mornington, 11 Beav. 181. Notwithstanding the injunction and notice of it, he, upon ceasing to be the agent, servant, or employe of the defendant, is free to aet for himself in the protection of his own rights and the prosecution of his own interests, even though it involve his doing the very thing prohibited his former master. Mexican Ore Co. v. Mexican Guadalupe Mining Co., 47 Fed. 356. He may avoid obedience to a mandatory injunction by actually ceasing to be an employe of the company (Toledo, A. A. & N. M. Ry. Co. v. Pennsylvania Co., 54 Fed. 743); and he may enter the service of another master a stranger to the suit, and be as free as he from obligation to obey the court's decree (People v. Randall, 73 N. Y. 416; Slater v. Merritt, 75 N. Y. 268). The bottles with the prohibited trade-mark "M:'.tzoon" bear upon their labels the name of "S. GuIlian" as proprietor, and the answering affidavit of Senekerim Gullian sets out that he is the sole owner of the business of manufacturing and selling ''Matzoon,'' and that he carries it on for his own benefit alone. That but little capital is required, and that Senekerim has heretofore conducted a SImilar business in California, give credit to his assertion. The facts set out in the petition, and not denied, that Senekerim is living in the same house with his father, and that he is assisted by his brothers, and that the place of business (his home) is the same as that heretofore used by his father for the same purpose, are suspicious circumstances, but not sufficient to warrant the court in coming to the conclusion that the business of preparing, putting up, and seIling ''Matzoon'' is being conducted for the benefit of any of the defendants in this suit, or for any other person than the ostensible owner, Senekerim GuIlian. With these views of the rights and duties of servants, agents, and employes who may be included in any injunction order, and the want of proof that "Matzoon" is being manufactured and sold for any of the defendants in this suit, I am of the opinion that the rule to show cause why Senekerim Gullian, Reuben Gullian, Lazarus Gullian, Taquhy GuIlian, and Beatrice GuIlian should not be attached for contempt must be discharged.
WHITTALL v. LOWELL MANUF'G CO. (CirCUit Court, D. Massachusetts·. March 31, 1897.)
1. 2.
DESIGN PATE1\TS-INTERPRETATION OF CLAIM-DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTION.
A claim reading, "In a design for a carpet, the body, A, substantially as shown," refers to the description as well as the drawing.
SAME-INTERPRETATIOX OF DnAWiNGS-SHADES.
Black and white drawIngs illustrating the designs in a design patent are to be considered as forms, into which may be filled a great variety of Ill'rangements or effects of color or shades, without affecting the patented design. . The essentials of a design are what cannot. be changed without destroying its characteristic appearance; and, where shalling shown in the drawings may be reversed or removed without such effect, it must be considered a!'
8.
SAME-DRAWINGS OF DESIGNS.