Teacher, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1877-1879
Private practice, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1877-1879
Private practice, Madison, Virginia, 1879-1897
Commonwealth attorney, Madison County, Virginia, 1883-1896
State delegate, Virginia, 1885-1891
State senator, Virginia, 1893-1897
U.S. representative from Virginia, 1897-1916